{"id":495,"date":"2019-10-05T22:00:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-05T20:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/k115.org\/?p=495"},"modified":"2019-10-19T22:26:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-19T20:26:23","slug":"nejprve-se-zmocni-exarchie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/2019\/10\/nejprve-se-zmocni-exarchie\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejprve se zmocn\u00ed Exarchie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 vyklizen\u00ed n\u011bkolika squat\u016f v At\u00e9n\u00e1ch, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 ubytov\u00e1valy migranty, odstartovalo novou kapitolu represe v \u0158ecku.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V pond\u011bl\u00ed 26.\u00a0srpna obkl\u00ed\u010dily stovky maskovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f \npo\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e9 policie cel\u00fd blok v\u00a0at\u00e9nsk\u00e9 autonomn\u00ed \u010dtvrti Exarchia. Pokud \nby si n\u011bkdo myslel, \u017ee za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, nebylo by se \u010demu divit. \n\u0158eck\u00fd st\u00e1t, veden\u00fd novou konzervativn\u00ed vl\u00e1dou, zmobilizoval svou \nrepresivn\u00ed arm\u00e1du, aby vyklidil n\u011bkolik squat\u016f ob\u00fdvan\u00fdch migranty. \nAkademik Akis Gavriilidis to komentoval slovy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eJe\n to skand\u00e1ln\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledek je negativn\u00ed \nv\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m ohledu: mor\u00e1ln\u00edm, pr\u00e1vn\u00edm, praktick\u00e9m i\u00a0jak\u00e9mkoli jin\u00e9m. \nZadr\u017eet b\u011b\u017eence, v\u010detn\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nesp\u00e1chali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zlo\u010din, vyst\u011bhovat \nje z\u00a0m\u00edst, kde se jim da\u0159ilo \u017e\u00edt d\u016fstojn\u00fd \u017eivot, a\u00a0m\u00edsto toho je uv\u011bznit\n a\u00a0p\u0159inutit je \u017e\u00edt v\u00a0mnohem hor\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a\u00a0pasivit\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nedok\u00e1\u017eu\n pochopit, kdo krom\u011b rasist\u016f a\u00a0milovn\u00edk\u016f \u0161ikany by z\u00a0n\u011b\u010deho takov\u00e9ho \nmohl m\u00edt radost. Jako \u0159eck\u00fd ob\u010dan po\u017eaduji vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, pro\u010d jsou ve\u0159ejn\u00e9\n prost\u0159edky pl\u00fdtv\u00e1ny na n\u011bco tak neetick\u00e9ho, ileg\u00e1ln\u00edho \na\u00a0neefektivn\u00edho.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeden z obyvatel dom\u016f popisuje: \u201eV \u0161est r\u00e1no n\u00e1s vyhnali a odvezli na policejn\u00ed stanici v ulici Petrou Ralli. Vzali n\u00e1m n\u00e1\u0161 domov, sebrali na\u0161e v\u011bci a zazdili vchod a okna. Pokusili se n\u00e1s zahrabat pod zem. Nev\u00ed ale, \u017ee jsme jako sem\u00ednka.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toho r\u00e1na byly v Exarchii vyklizeny \u010dty\u0159i squaty, dva z nich ubytov\u00e1vali uprchl\u00edky: Spirou Trikoupi 17, Transito, Rosa de Fon a anarchistick\u00fd projekt Gare. Razie se soust\u0159edila do severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dtvrti. Zde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed i Notara 26, prvn\u00ed squat v \u0158ecku, kter\u00fd za\u010dal poskytovat ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed migrant\u016fm. Ten byl prozat\u00edm u\u0161et\u0159en, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pro svou lep\u0161\u00ed obranu a symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro \u010dtvr\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z dvou budov na Spirou Trikoupi 17 bylo zadr\u017eeno 143\u00a0lid\u00ed z\u00a0Ir\u00e1nu, Ir\u00e1ku, Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu Eritreje a\u00a0Turecka. \u0160lo o\u00a057 mu\u017e\u016f, 51 \u017een a\u00a035 d\u011bt\u00ed. Z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edho domu na Kallidromiou byli t\u0159i lid\u00e9 odvezeni na at\u00e9nsk\u00e9 policejn\u00ed \u0159editelstv\u00ed. \u010ctvrt\u00e1 budova, na ulici Fotila, byla\u00a0v dob\u011b vyklizen\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1. Policejn\u00ed operace se \u00fa\u010dastnily po\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e9 jednotky MAT, r\u016fzn\u00e9 identifika\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0forenzn\u00ed jednotky a\u00a0motocyklov\u00e9 jednotky DIAS [v minulosti nechvaln\u011b proslul\u00e9 mu\u010den\u00edm zadr\u017een\u00fdch \u2013 pozn. p\u0159ekl.] . B\u011bhem razie nebyly nalezeny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zbran\u011b ani drogy. Policejn\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed nicm\u00e9n\u011b prohl\u00e1sil: \u201eJsme nov\u00fd, tich\u00fd vysava\u010d, kter\u00fd vysaje v\u0161echnu \u0161p\u00ednu.\u201c Od t\u00e9 doby stoup\u00e1 v Exarchii nap\u011bt\u00ed. M\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 jsou nespokojeni s konstantn\u00ed policejn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed a jej\u00edm \u010dast\u00fdm n\u00e1siln\u00fdm, sexistick\u00fdm a homofobn\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm. V n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpadech vyt\u00e1hla policie na m\u00edstn\u00ed zbran\u011b. B\u011bhem kni\u017en\u00edho festivalu Kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 Exarchia, kter\u00fd na centr\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed organizovaly m\u00edstn\u00ed nakladatelstv\u00ed a knihkupectv\u00ed, napadla policie dav obu\u0161ky a slzn\u00fdm plynem. Pozd\u011bji toho ve\u010dera jednotky MAT pok\u0159ikovaly na m\u00edstn\u00ed: \u201eVy zmrdi, tohle te\u010f budete m\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd ve\u010der.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autonomn\u00ed \u010dtvr\u0165 i\u00a0<\/strong>m\u00edsto st\u0159etu socioekonomick\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Pl\u00e1n\n p\u0159em\u011bnit \u010dtvr\u0165 na v\u00fdkladn\u00ed sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148 m\u011bsta plnou drah\u00fdch kav\u00e1ren a\u00a0masov\u00e9ho\n turismu, kter\u00fd maj\u00ed m\u011bst\u0161t\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010di na stolech ji\u017e od roku 1990, je \nna\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed st\u00e1le vzd\u00e1len realit\u011b. Ve \u010dtvrti a\u00a0jej\u00edm nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm okol\u00ed je 49\n obsazen\u00fdch dom\u016f. K\u00a0nim je t\u0159eba je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edst dal\u0161\u00ed samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \nprojekty, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed v\u00a0pronajat\u00fdch prostorech \u2013 jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \nsoci\u00e1ln\u00ed centrum Nosotros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exarchia je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako alternativn\u00ed \n\u010dtvr\u0165 s\u00a0tradic\u00ed levicov\u00e9ho a\u00a0anarchistick\u00e9ho organizov\u00e1n\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako \nm\u00edsto, kde prob\u00edhaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 ileg\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity, jako je t\u0159eba prodej drog.\n \u010ctvr\u0165 byla v\u017edy st\u00e1tu trnem v\u00a0oku. V\u00a0minul\u00fdch letech ji konzervativci \nvyu\u017e\u00edvali k\u00a0\u00fatok\u016fm na vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed Syrizu a\u00a0obvi\u0148ovali ji, \u017ee nad oblast\u00ed \n\u201eztratila kontrolu\u201c. Kyrgiakos Mitsotakis, sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy, \nv\u00a0roce 2017 prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee pokud bude zvolen do \u00fa\u0159adu premi\u00e9ra, tak \n\u201evy\u010dist\u00ed Exarchii\u201c. Te\u010f je za to kritizov\u00e1n opozi\u010dn\u00ed Syrizou, nicm\u00e9n\u011b \nbyla to pr\u00e1v\u011b vl\u00e1da Syrizy, kdo vyklidil prvn\u00ed uprchl\u00edky ob\u00fdvan\u00fd squat \u2013\n v\u00a0Soluni v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exarchia le\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fadol\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma kopci \nv\u00a0srdci At\u00e9n. Pojmenovan\u00e1 po m\u00edstn\u00edm kupci byla vystav\u011bna v\u00a0devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m\n stolet\u00ed. Od \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let se pak stala studentsk\u00fdm a\u00a0alternativn\u00edm \nkulturn\u00edm hubem. Dnes je charakteristick\u00e1 velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm mal\u00fdch \nkav\u00e1ren, tisk\u00e1ren, nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch nakladatelstv\u00ed a\u00a0knihkupectv\u00ed. Jej\u00ed \nhistorie je \u00fazce spjat\u00e1 s\u00a0histori\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u00ed levice a\u00a0anarchismu po p\u00e1du\n diktatury v\u00a0roce 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem povst\u00e1n\u00ed na Polytechnick\u00e9 univerzit\u011b [kter\u00e1 ve \u010dtvrti le\u017e\u00ed \u2013 pozn. p\u0159ekl.] v roce 1973 jeden z transparent\u016f jasn\u011b hl\u00e1sil, \u017ee povst\u00e1n\u00ed je proti \u201est\u00e1tu a kapit\u00e1lu\u201c. V roce 1985 byl ve \u010dtvrti polici\u00ed zabit patn\u00e1ctilet\u00fd Michalis Kaltezas, co\u017e vyvolalo nepokoje po cel\u00e9 zemi. O des\u00edtky let pozd\u011bji, v prosinci 2008, policie v sam\u00e9m srdci \u010dtvrti zast\u0159elila takt\u00e9\u017e patn\u00e1ctilet\u00e9ho Alexandrose Grigoropulose, a dala tak vzniknout revolt\u011b, kter\u00e1 po cel\u00e9m \u0158ecku trvala dlouh\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce. Tato revolta byla kulminac\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edch protest\u016f student\u016f proti neoliberalizaci univerzit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010ctvr\u0165 samotn\u00e1 se \nneust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b tam vznikaj\u00ed\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9 iniciativy\n a\u00a0nov\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hnut\u00ed, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je m\u00edstem st\u0159etu \nsocioekonomick\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f. Jej\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed poloha v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9 geografii z\u00a0n\u00ed \nd\u011bl\u00e1 atraktivn\u00ed oblast pro realitn\u00ed \u017eraloky, kte\u0159\u00ed by ji r\u00e1di \ngentrifikovali, zbavili\u00a0 neposlu\u0161n\u00fdch obyvatel a\u00a0nahradili je \nvysokop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdmi yuppies. P\u0159ed vypuknut\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9 krize ji\u017e byla \ngentrifikace patrn\u00e1, propad realitn\u00edho sektoru do \u010derven\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel ale \nproces zastavil. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b vzrostl po\u010det politick\u00fdch squat\u016f \nv\u00a0sousedstv\u00ed, nejd\u0159\u00edve z\u00a0pot\u0159eby samospr\u00e1vy, n\u00e1sledn\u011b jako solid\u00e1rn\u00ed \nstruktura, sna\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se pomoct tis\u00edc\u016fm migrant\u016f. M\u00edstn\u00ed v\u00a0reakci na \nzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed hranic otev\u0159eli b\u011b\u017eenc\u016fm mnoho pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch dom\u016f, pomohli \ns\u00a0organizac\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0distribuc\u00ed j\u00eddla a\u00a0oble\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je dnes \nExarchia \u201eprobl\u00e9movou \u010dtvrt\u00ed\u201c? P\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm pohledu zjist\u00edme, \u017ee nen\u00ed jen\n pevnost\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edho autonomn\u00edho hnut\u00ed. Je historick\u00fdm m\u00edstem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch \nkonflikt\u016f v\u00a0\u0159eck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, ale tak\u00e9 prostorem, kde se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed \nr\u016fzn\u00e9 alternativn\u00ed procesy. Je \u010dtvrt\u00ed plnou solid\u00e1rn\u00edch vazeb, kter\u00e1 se \nbyla roky schopn\u00e1 br\u00e1nit jak gentrifikaci, tak drogov\u00fdm gang\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konzervativn\u00ed obrat<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Podle pl\u00e1n\u016f at\u00e9nsk\u00e9 \nm\u011bstsk\u00e9 administrativy m\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u010dtvr\u0165 zbavena drog, sexbyznysu, \nneleg\u00e1ln\u00edch imigrant\u016f a\u00a0v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b tak\u00e9 \u201eprotist\u00e1tn\u00edch \u017eivl\u016f\u201c. \nPl\u00e1nuje se stavba stanice metra, odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed graffiti a\u00a0instalace \nnov\u00e9ho pouli\u010dn\u00edho osv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00fdm starostou At\u00e9n se stal synovec \nkonzervativn\u00edho premi\u00e9ra Mitsotakise. Razie a\u00a0vyst\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010daly hned \nden po jeho jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed do funkce. Policejn\u00ed represe a\u00a0evikce v\u00a0Exarchii \nnejsou pouze lok\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, naopak: je nutn\u00e9 je vid\u011bt v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \nperspektiv\u011b. Vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed Nov\u00e1 Demokracie vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 toho, \u017ee je \u0159eck\u00e1 \nspole\u010dnost oslaben\u00e1 l\u00e9ty ekonomick\u00e9 krize a\u00a0paralyzovan\u00e1 neschopnost\u00ed \nSyrizy dos\u00e1hnout jak\u00e9hokoli zlep\u0161en\u00ed situace. Vl\u00e1da chyst\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed vlnu \nneoliberalizace a\u00a0na \u0159ad\u011b jsou univerzity. Hodn\u011b diskutovan\u00fdm t\u00e9matem je\n konec univerzitn\u00edho azylu \u2013 z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd ji\u017e od dob konce diktatury \nzakazuje policii vstup do kampus\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brzy m\u016f\u017eeme \u010dekat odpor proti \npl\u00e1novan\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm. Nem\u016f\u017ee za to \u201evzpurn\u00e1 \u0159eck\u00e1 krev\u201c ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \npodobn\u00fd mytick\u00fd nesmysl, ale bohat\u00e1 historie soci\u00e1ln\u00edch boj\u016f. Historie \nodporu proti dom\u00e1c\u00edmu i\u00a0zven\u010d\u00ed importovan\u00e9mu fa\u0161ismu a\u00a0historie revolt, \nkter\u00e9 zdaleka p\u0159es\u00e1hly mantinely subkulturn\u00ed politiky. Boj o\u00a0Exarchii \nbude \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd pouze tehdy, bude-li r\u00e1mov\u00e1n jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch snah \no\u00a0zm\u011bnu sv\u011bta. Boj proti hrozb\u011b gentrifikace tak mus\u00ed hledat spojence \nv\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edch boj\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I \u010dtvr\u0165 samotn\u00e1 se po n\u00e1vratu lid\u00ed z\u00a0letn\u00edch \npr\u00e1zdnin za\u010dala z\u00a0represivn\u00edho \u00faderu oklep\u00e1vat. Nap\u0159\u00edklad obyvatel\u00e9 \nsquatu Notara 26 zve\u0159ejnili v\u00fdzvu k\u00a0solidarit\u011b, na ni\u017e reagovali jak \nbl\u00edzc\u00ed soused\u00e9, tak lid\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Na prvn\u00ed demonstraci se \nv\u00a0Exarchii se\u0161ly dva tis\u00edce lid\u00ed. Na druh\u00e9, 14.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jich bylo ji\u017e v\u00edce \nne\u017e sedm tis\u00edc. Vyst\u011bhov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed squat\u016f v\u0161ak nad\u00e1le pokra\u010duje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro \nn\u00e1s, kdo \u017eijeme mimo \u0158ecko, nast\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010das k\u00a0protest\u016fm p\u0159ed \u0159eck\u00fdmi \nambas\u00e1dami nebo pobo\u010dkami \u0159eck\u00fdch firem. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e jednaj\u00ed, podle \nfilma\u0159e a\u00a0aktivisty Janise Juluntase dorazily b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo dn\u00ed \nsolid\u00e1rn\u00ed vzkazy z\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvou des\u00edtek zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bez solidarity Exarchia padne. Pokud vydr\u017e\u00ed, bude maj\u00e1kem p\u0159i na\u0161ich nedokon\u010den\u00fdch dobrodru\u017estv\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Malamatinas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159elo\u017eeno z anglick\u00e9ho origin\u00e1lu First they take Exarcheia<\/a><\/strong>, publikovan\u00e9ho v\u00a0on-line magaz\u00ednu Roar. \u010cesk\u00fd p\u0159eklad vy\u0161el p\u016fvodn\u011b na A2larm<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 vyklizen\u00ed n\u011bkolika squat\u016f v At\u00e9n\u00e1ch, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 ubytov\u00e1valy migranty, odstartovalo novou kapitolu represe v \u0158ecku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":496,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7,18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=495"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":498,"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495\/revisions\/498"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/k115.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}